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nature study
The nature study movement (alternatively, Nature Study or nature-study) was a popular education movement in America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Nature study attempted to reconcile scientific investigation with spiritual, personal experiences gained from interaction with the natural world. Led by progressive educators and naturalists such as Anna Botsford Comstock, Liberty Hyde Bailey, Louis Agassiz and Wilbur S. Jackman, nature study changed the way science was taught in schools by emphasizing learning from tangible objects, something that was embodied by the movement's mantra "study nature, not books."
The movement popularized scientific study outside of the classroom as well, and has proven highly influential for figures involved in the modern environmental movement, such as Aldo Leopold and Rachel Carson.〔Armitage, p. 13〕
==Background==
By the mid-19th century, a growing concern for the state of the environment began to take shape. In 1864, American diplomat George Perkins Marsh published the groundbreaking book ''Man and Nature''. Highlighting people's responsibility to the natural world, the work marked the beginning of the conservation movement.〔Krech, p. 441〕
Before the 1890s, the idea of nature study existed, but the "efforts had been sporadic and piecemeal."〔Kohlstedt, "Nature, Not Books", p. 327〕 Naturalist Louis Agassiz wanted to capture "learners in studying the natural world." His students, who were influenced by this philosophy, went on to provide the nature study knowledge in public schools.〔Kohlstedt, "Nature, Not Books", p. 325〕 It was Aggasiz who coined the phrase, "Study nature, not books."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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